Understanding Polymerization in Nail Products
Have you ever wondered what happens to nail products once they go into the lamp? Within seconds, they transform from a liquid into a hard, durable solid. But what’s really happening during this process?
The answer lies in a chemical reaction called polymerization.
What is Polymerization?
Polymerization takes place when tiny molecules, known as monomers, join together to form long chains called polymers. These chains are what give nail products their strength, structure, and durability.
To help visualize this process, imagine a gel product curing under the lamp. Over the course of 60 seconds, it changes step by step from a liquid at 0 seconds to a fully hardened surface at 60 seconds. (Please note this is just an example curing times vary between products.)
The Inhibition Layer
You may notice that nails sometimes feel sticky when they come out of the lamp. This sticky film is known as the inhibition layer.
The reason it appears is simple: oxygen in the air prevents the very top layer of the gel from curing completely. This leaves behind a tacky surface. At times the layer is obvious, while other times you may not see or feel it, but it is always present.
Polymerization Across Different Systems
Liquid & Powder (L&P)
In L&P systems, the warmth of the natural nail and surrounding environment triggers the reaction. The liquid monomers link into long polymer chains, locking in the polymer beads. This process creates both strength and colour in the finished nail.
Gel Systems
Gels, including poly and acrygels cure when exposed to UV energy from the lamp. These products are slightly different because they contain not only monomers but also short pre-formed chains called oligomers. Oligomers give gels their thicker texture and help them cure faster, much like a recipe that’s already partially prepared.
Nail Glue
As for nail glues, it is the moisture in the air that activates the chemical reaction, changing the product from a liquid into a solid.
Polymerization may sound technical, but it is the process at the heart of every nail system. Whether it’s the heat of the natural nail, UV energy from a lamp, or moisture in the air, each system relies on polymerization to transform liquid products into strong, long-lasting enhancements.
By understanding how this process works, it becomes clear why correct curing, proper application, and professional aftercare are so important for creating nails that not only look beautiful but also last.